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Schopenhauer’s Ontology of Suffering and the Actuality of the Ways of Liberation Arthur Schopenhauer built the foundation of his philosophical system on the reality of suffering surrounding human existence. According to him, the world is a manifestation of a blind, unconscious, insatiable desire that he calls “will.” This will manifests
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAMichel de Montaigne’s Essais is a philosophical masterpiece that questions the complexity of human existence and the nature of knowledge. While addressing the concept of wisdom, Montaigne criticizes the dogmatic structure of traditional pedagogical approaches that focus on accumulating knowledge and argues that true wisdom lies in questioning knowledge and
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAStefan Zweig’s Chess (1942) is a masterpiece in the psychological thriller genre that questions the inner conflicts of the individual, existential crises, and the limits of the human soul. When compared to the works of Dostoyevsky and Kafka, the similarities of Chess focus particularly on the fragility of human consciousness,
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAZebercet in Yusuf Atılgan’s novel Anayurt Oteli is neither a fully searching subject nor a consciously surrendered figure on the existential plane; his life is rather a state of existence frozen between two extremes, stuck in a passive wait. When his struggle with meaninglessness is considered from a philosophical perspective,
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLANikolay Gogol’s story The Overcoat (1842) is considered one of the turning points of modern literature and has left its mark on many novels with its existential, social and philosophical depth. The story deals with the crushing effect of the bureaucratic system on the individual, the devastation of material deprivation
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLASignificance: This difference shows that Plato used Socrates as a vehicle to express his own philosophical system (e.g., the Theory of Ideas). Plato used Socrates as a mouthpiece to develop his own metaphysical and political views. This is critical to understanding how Plato’s philosophy departs from the teachings of the
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAJack London’s novel Martin Eden deals with the themes of individualism and individual freedom in a complex way, questioning the limits of these concepts and extolling their value. From a philosophical perspective, the novel presents a dialectic that examines both the liberating and destructive potential of individualism. Therefore, it can
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Franz Kafka’s novel The Trial, Josef K.’s attitude towards authority emerges as an existential struggle that deeply affects his sense of self-esteem and identity. In Kafka’s work, authority manifests itself as an abstract, incomprehensible, and omnipresent force through figures such as the court, lawyers, and guards. This authority is
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Tolstoy’s works, hope is not just optimism; it encompasses spiritual resistance, a search for meaning, and ethical devotion despite the tragic nature of life. In this context, Tolstoy’s characters often go through metaphysical crisis and reach an ontological awakening. “From existential darkness to ethical light” Personality Traits: Deeply questioning,
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIntroduction The character of Yevgeni Bazarov in Ivan Turgenev’s novel Fathers and Sons is one of the most striking figures of the social and intellectual transformation experienced in 19th century Russia. Bazarov, who defines himself as a nihilist, is not only an individual but also a representative of a political
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Sabahattin Ali’s novel, The Devil Within Us, the question of whether Ömer’s moral weaknesses lie at the core of his personality or are they shaped as a result of the values imposed by society requires an in-depth discussion of philosophical issues such as the individual-society relationship, free will, and
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAÉmile Zola’s Germinal is not only an example of social realism; it is also a deep philosophical inquiry into the moral orientation of man in borderline situations. As the characters are dragged beyond classical moral categories in the grip of hunger and misery, the question of whether morality is universal
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAYaşar Kemal’s İnce Memed character presents a deep philosophical discussion as both an individual and a social figure shaped by the tension between freedom and necessity. Is İnce Memed’s freedom defined solely by his own will, or is it limited by the people’s commitment to the heroic myth? In search
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAMelville’s work Bartleby, the Scrivener has earned a unique place in the history of literature and philosophy with its unique form of resistance against the existential loneliness of the modern individual, social norms and mechanisms of obedience. Bartleby’s statement “I prefer not to do it” is not merely an avoidance
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Herman Melville’s Bartleby, the Scrivener, Bartleby’s insistently repeated phrase “I would prefer not to” has a multi-layered meaning, both philosophically and literaryly. This sentence points to a tension area that oscillates between freedom and passive submission, and invites a deep questioning of the existential situation of the modern individual.
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe Collapse of Innocence: A Critique of Ideological Blindness in Günter Grass’s The Tin Drum Günter Grass’s The Tin Drum (Die Blechtrommel) presents not only a historical narrative in German literature, but also a profound ethical, epistemological and anthropological questioning. At the center of this questioning is the concept of
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