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Lev Tolstoy’s novel War and Peace (1869) is not only an epic account of historical events but also one of the pioneering examples of character development in the modern novel. Fyodor Dolokhov , one of the novel’s remarkable secondary characters, seriously challenges the traditional hero typology with his moral ambiguity, propensity for violence, and
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThis article examines how Heinrich Moritz Chalybaus’s presentation of Hegelian dialectics as a “thesis-antithesis-synthesis” scheme in his 1837 work, *Historische Entwicklung der speculativen Philosophie von Kant bis Hegel* , distorts the specific logic of Hegelian philosophy. The study demonstrates that this tripartite scheme is not a methodological principle in Hegel’s fundamental texts;
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Leo Tolstoy’s novel War and Peace , the inability of the character Vasili Denisov to pronounce the letter “r,” while seemingly a characteristic detail on the surface, is directly related to the novel’s deeper structure, its understanding of language, corporeality, and the historical subject. This article aims to examine Denisov’s speech
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLALev Tolstoy’s novel War and Peace has often been classified in literary history as the “pinnacle of historical realism.” However, this classification risks obscuring the mythological, archetypal, and cosmological elements that operate within the work’s deeper structure. Tolstoy systematically dismantles the subject-centered, progressive, and rationalist assumptions of modern historiography, consciously bringing his
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLALev Tolstoy’s novel War and Peace is not only a historical account of the Napoleonic Wars, but also a profound philosophical critique of the modern understanding of history, the myth of heroism, and the will of the subject. One of the central figures in this critique is Marshal Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov. Tolstoy
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAGeorge Orwell’s novel 1984 is one of the most comprehensive literary texts demonstrating that totalitarian power operates not only through physical force but also by transforming the subject’s consciousness. In the novel, power does not merely eliminate its enemy; it aims to sincerely convince them of its own righteousness. This
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAErnest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea deeply questions one of the fundamental questions of human existence, namely the relationship between struggle and the search for meaning. Santiago’s epic struggle with a giant swordfish is not only a physical effort, but also represents man’s own limits, his relationship with
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Leo Tolstoy’s novel War and Peace , Prince Andrey Bolkonsky is one of the figures who embodies the most intense internal conflicts in the narrative. Andrey’s war experience, the death of his wife, and the collapse of his ideals transform him into an increasingly withdrawn, introverted, and emotionally numb individual. When this state
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLATolstoy’s critique of free will, developed in War and Peace , shares a strong intellectual kinship with Spinoza’s doctrine of necessity, one of the most radical models of determinism in modern philosophy . Both thinkers consider free will an illusion of consciousness stemming from a lack of knowledge of the true causes of human actions .
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLALev Tolstoy’s novel War and Peace (1865–1869) is not only an epic account of the Napoleonic Wars, but also a comprehensive inquiry into the philosophy of history , ethics , and the issue of free will . In the novel, Tolstoy systematically critiques both narratives of individual heroism and the concept of “history of great men,” raising the
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThis study psychoanalyzes the character Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov in Nikolai Gogol’s novel Dead Souls (1842) within the context of Jacques Lacan’s concept of the “Big Other.” Chichikov’s obsession with money and social prestige can be interpreted not as an individual ambition, but rather as a manifestation of his attempt to
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThis video explores the philosophical similarities and fundamental differences between Hermann Hesse’s river metaphor in Siddhartha and Friedrich Nietzsche’s idea of eternal recurrence. It emphasizes that both concepts reject a linear understanding of time, viewing existence as a continuous process of becoming. The video contrasts Siddhartha’s mystical peace and silent
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAHermann Hesse’s novel Siddhartha (1922) and Friedrich Nietzsche’s Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883–85), despite drawing on different cultural and philosophical traditions, are two fundamental texts that center on the modern individual’s search for meaning. In Siddhartha , wisdom is presented as an intuitive and holistic understanding through the metaphor of the river ; in Zarathustra , this understanding is transformed into
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAGeorge Orwell’s novel 1984 is one of the most powerful literary texts that makes visible the dominance that modern power exerts not only over bodies and behaviors, but also over language, the material basis of thought. In the novel, the totalitarian regime, in order to sustain its power, goes beyond
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn modern thought, war has been conceptualized sometimes as a necessary instrument of historical progress, and sometimes as the clearest manifestation of humanity’s moral bankruptcy. This contrast emerges as a distinct philosophical tension between G. W. F. Hegel and Lev Tolstoy. While Hegel positions war as a necessary moment in
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIntroduction: Modernity’s Test with ViolenceThe tension between Hegel’s understanding of war and Tolstoy’s critique of war points to a fundamental question at the heart of modern political thought: Can violence be justified as a constitutive element of historical and political order? While Hegel rationalizes war as a necessary moment of
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThis video provides an in-depth analysis of Leo Tolstoy’s critique of modern power and history through the figure of Napoleon in his novel War and Peace. The author challenges the traditional “great man” image of Napoleon in historiography, characterizing the idea that individual will governs the course of history as
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLALev Tolstoy’s novel War and Peace (1865–1869) is not only a historical narrative about the Napoleonic Wars; it is also a comprehensive philosophical critique of modern concepts of power, history, subjectivity, and causality. While the central figure of the novel, Napoleon, is glorified as a “great man” in traditional historiography,
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