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🔹 1. Scientific Perspectivea) Psychology Prejudice: If a person begins to attribute the same characteristics to all members of a group (e.g., “People of race X are lazy”), this may be a sign of conscious or unconscious racism. Cognitive biases: The human brain is predisposed to distinguish between “us” and
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn his work, Consolation of Philosophy (Consolatio Philosophiae), Boethius portrays Fortuna (fortune or chance) as a changeable and unstable force. The fundamental reason for this is that external and temporary blessings in human life (wealth, power, fame, bodily pleasures, etc.) are unstable and unreliable. Boethius bases this view as follows:
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAPeople’s perception of themselves as the “good side” can be a mechanism used to justify violence against the “other,” but the moral, philosophical, and human dimensions of this situation must be thoroughly examined. The Us vs. Them Distinction: When people feel they belong to a group (“we”), they may exclude
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAFor the Buddha, “being in the now” is not just life advice, but a state of radical awareness of the nature of existence. This concept is informed by the Buddhist understandings of mind, suffering, time, and self. Let’s examine this concept in detail below, from its philosophical and psychological perspectives:
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe clown isn’t just a laughing stock; he voices the invisible cracks in the order. Whether appearing in palaces, on podiums, on screens, or in the streets, the clown is often the mirror of power, but this mirror is broken, crooked, and distorting. This distortion makes reality itself more apparent.
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAJean-Paul Sartre’s thesis that “Man is condemned to freedom” is one of the cornerstones of his existentialist philosophy. What he means by “condemned” here is that freedom is an inevitable destiny for man. Here are the reasons behind Sartre’s radical assertion: According to Sartre, a human being first “exists” and
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLATheir primary goal is to expand their capital, not their nationality.A German boss prefers workers in China if the profit margin is high.A French investor can partner with entrepreneurs of Kurdish or Turkish origin, as long as there is profit.Example:Apple has production in Foxconn factories in China. American capital uses
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLA“Man knows himself not when he discovers the whole truth, but only when he renounces all lies.” This profound statement conveys the essence of Dostoevsky’s philosophy on human psychology and the issue of self-knowledge. Here is a layered analysis of this sentence: The Limits of the Rational Search: In Notes
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe failure of characters in Anton Chekhov’s plays to listen to one another is not merely a problem of lack of communication, but also a profound reflection of human nature, social changes, and existential loneliness. This is part of Chekhov’s revolutionary approach to theater. Here are the reasons and implications
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilyich, the “true life” that the protagonist, Ivan Ilyich, realizes on his deathbed is a concept that can be deeply explored from an existential and phenomenological perspective. This concept represents a spiritual awakening that emerges from the awareness of superficial social norms, inauthentic lifestyles,
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe dogma of “2+2=5” in George Orwell’s novel 1984 raises a profound philosophical question about how truth can be reconstructed by the discourse of power. This statement is not only the propaganda of a totalitarian regime, but also leads us to question fundamental philosophical issues such as epistemological reality, the
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov’s atonement for his crime is associated with both suffering and awareness (specifically, a moral and spiritual awakening). However, the novel’s deep philosophical underpinnings demonstrate that this process is not simply punishment or repentance. Raskolnikov experiences spontaneous suffering after the murder. The burden of the
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAFriedrich Nietzsche’s concept of the “Ubermensch” and Carl Gustav Jung’s concept of the “individuated individual” share some similarities, but they have fundamentally different philosophical and psychological foundations. Let’s compare the two concepts and examine in detail whether they can be the same person. Nietzsche’s “Ubermensch” plays a central role in
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAJonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels (1726) is a masterpiece that offers a sharply satirical critique of the social, political, and scientific institutions of his time. Through journeys to four different imaginary countries, Swift sarcastically questions human nature, systems of government, scientific endeavors, and moral values. Lilliput (Land of Dwarves) Trivial Political
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe myth of Pandora’s Box carries profound symbolism regarding the role of hope in humanity’s evil-filled world. In the myth told in Hesiod’s Works and Days: Zeus, enraged by Prometheus’s theft of fire and giving it to humans, creates Pandora in revenge. Pandora is given a container (later mistakenly called
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAOedipus’s fate is one of the most iconic examples of the debate between free will and determinism. In the mythological story, Oedipus’s tragedy is based on the conflict between a predetermined destiny and human choices. Let’s examine this question within philosophical, mythological, and existential contexts: In Sophocles’ tragedy Oedipus Rex
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLASisyphus’s punishment, “eternal repetition,” carries profound meaning both as a mythological punishment and a philosophical metaphor. Whether this punishment is truly a torment or a search for meaning itself depends largely on perspective and interpretation. In Greek mythology, Sisyphus was a cunning king who attempted to deceive the gods, even
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLADetermining whether an emotion is genuine is a complex process that requires evaluating both internal and external factors. The authenticity of emotions is generally associated with authenticity (sincerity), consistency, bodily responses, and long-term behaviors. Autonomic Nervous System Responses: Genuine emotions (e.g., fear, love, anger) are often accompanied by physiological symptoms
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Medieval Europe, black cats were seen as the devil’s helpers, witches’ companions, and symbols of bad luck. These superstitions led to the killing of thousands of cats and, interestingly, indirectly contributed to the spread of plague epidemics. So why did black cats become such hated creatures? Here are the
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAChaining books was a practice that became widespread in the Middle Ages, especially from the 15th century onward. The primary reason for this practice was the value and rarity of books, as well as the high risk of theft or loss. Here are the main reasons behind chained books (Latin:
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