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An Analysis of Michela Murgia’s Book, How to Become a Fascist?IntroductionThe legitimacy of democratic regimes is often grounded in the concept of “the will of the majority.” However, in her ironic yet highly serious text, How to Become a Fascist?, Michela Murgia argues that democracy can transform into its opposite
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAMartin Heidegger’s Being and Time offers a radical critique of the subject-centered understanding of knowledge in modern philosophy, considering human existence (Dasein) not on the basis of “knowing,” but on the basis of being (Heidegger, 1927/2018). Hermann Hesse’s novel Siddhartha, on the other hand, focuses on the individual’s search for
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAPrague, in Central European literature, is not merely a geographical location; it is positioned as a literary “subject” with its historical, social, and existential layers. In this context, the relationship established between Jan Neruda’s Prague Stories (Povídky malostranské, 1877) and Franz Kafka’s narrative universe, which took shape at the beginning
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAJan Neruda, one of the founding figures of 19th-century Czech literature, portrays the Malá Strana (Little Quarter) district of Prague in his work Prague Stories not merely as a backdrop, but as an active element shaping social relations. In Neruda’s narratives, streets, houses, and public spaces become spaces where class
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLA🔹 1. Scientific Perspectivea) Psychology Prejudice: If a person begins to attribute the same characteristics to all members of a group (e.g., “People of race X are lazy”), this may be a sign of conscious or unconscious racism. Cognitive biases: The human brain is predisposed to distinguish between “us” and
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn his work, Consolation of Philosophy (Consolatio Philosophiae), Boethius portrays Fortuna (fortune or chance) as a changeable and unstable force. The fundamental reason for this is that external and temporary blessings in human life (wealth, power, fame, bodily pleasures, etc.) are unstable and unreliable. Boethius bases this view as follows:
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAPeople’s perception of themselves as the “good side” can be a mechanism used to justify violence against the “other,” but the moral, philosophical, and human dimensions of this situation must be thoroughly examined. The Us vs. Them Distinction: When people feel they belong to a group (“we”), they may exclude
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAFor the Buddha, “being in the now” is not just life advice, but a state of radical awareness of the nature of existence. This concept is informed by the Buddhist understandings of mind, suffering, time, and self. Let’s examine this concept in detail below, from its philosophical and psychological perspectives:
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe clown isn’t just a laughing stock; he voices the invisible cracks in the order. Whether appearing in palaces, on podiums, on screens, or in the streets, the clown is often the mirror of power, but this mirror is broken, crooked, and distorting. This distortion makes reality itself more apparent.
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAJean-Paul Sartre’s thesis that “Man is condemned to freedom” is one of the cornerstones of his existentialist philosophy. What he means by “condemned” here is that freedom is an inevitable destiny for man. Here are the reasons behind Sartre’s radical assertion: According to Sartre, a human being first “exists” and
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLATheir primary goal is to expand their capital, not their nationality.A German boss prefers workers in China if the profit margin is high.A French investor can partner with entrepreneurs of Kurdish or Turkish origin, as long as there is profit.Example:Apple has production in Foxconn factories in China. American capital uses
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLA“Man knows himself not when he discovers the whole truth, but only when he renounces all lies.” This profound statement conveys the essence of Dostoevsky’s philosophy on human psychology and the issue of self-knowledge. Here is a layered analysis of this sentence: The Limits of the Rational Search: In Notes
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe failure of characters in Anton Chekhov’s plays to listen to one another is not merely a problem of lack of communication, but also a profound reflection of human nature, social changes, and existential loneliness. This is part of Chekhov’s revolutionary approach to theater. Here are the reasons and implications
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilyich, the “true life” that the protagonist, Ivan Ilyich, realizes on his deathbed is a concept that can be deeply explored from an existential and phenomenological perspective. This concept represents a spiritual awakening that emerges from the awareness of superficial social norms, inauthentic lifestyles,
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe dogma of “2+2=5” in George Orwell’s novel 1984 raises a profound philosophical question about how truth can be reconstructed by the discourse of power. This statement is not only the propaganda of a totalitarian regime, but also leads us to question fundamental philosophical issues such as epistemological reality, the
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov’s atonement for his crime is associated with both suffering and awareness (specifically, a moral and spiritual awakening). However, the novel’s deep philosophical underpinnings demonstrate that this process is not simply punishment or repentance. Raskolnikov experiences spontaneous suffering after the murder. The burden of the
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAFriedrich Nietzsche’s concept of the “Ubermensch” and Carl Gustav Jung’s concept of the “individuated individual” share some similarities, but they have fundamentally different philosophical and psychological foundations. Let’s compare the two concepts and examine in detail whether they can be the same person. Nietzsche’s “Ubermensch” plays a central role in
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAJonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels (1726) is a masterpiece that offers a sharply satirical critique of the social, political, and scientific institutions of his time. Through journeys to four different imaginary countries, Swift sarcastically questions human nature, systems of government, scientific endeavors, and moral values. Lilliput (Land of Dwarves) Trivial Political
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