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“Gregor Samsa’s transformation into an insect is the shedding of the commodified existence of modern man.” This symbolic act in Kafka’s The Metamorphosis can be read in the following layers: The insect body is a grotesque reflection of Gregor’s transformation into a walking-to-work object. His body embodies this alienation, as
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe Color of Freedom According to Şêrko Bêkes: “Şîn” (Blue/Green) and Its Symbolism Şêrko Bêkes (1940-2013), one of the most important figures in modern Kurdish poetry, frequently associated the theme of freedom with natural imagery and colors. In his poems, freedom is often represented by “şîn” (a color that can
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAFriedrich Nietzsche refers to the philosopher he sees as the “god of painters” as Dionysus. However, he is referring to the “Dionysian principle” he represents in his philosophy, rather than Dionysus, the god of wine, joy, and ecstasy in Greek mythology. Nietzsche explores this concept in detail, particularly in his
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn his “Foundation of the Metaphysics of Morality” (1785) and “Critique of Practical Reason” (1788), Immanuel Kant, while not deeming emotions immoral, finds them insufficient for moral decisions: The Problem of Heteronomy: Emotions (sympathy, hatred, fear) depend on external or internal stimuli; they impair the autonomous will. Lack of Universality:
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLABaruch Spinoza’s metaphysics and ethics radically reinterpret the traditional concept of “evil.” According to Spinoza, there is no such thing as evil; it is merely an illusion resulting from man’s inadequate understanding of nature and God (or “Substance”). He elaborates this view in his Ethics. Here are the philosophical foundations
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAUnderstanding that someone is ignorant is not achieved simply by looking at their lack of knowledge; it is a complex issue with epistemological, psychoanalytic, and moral dimensions. Socrates emphasizes that unawareness of ignorance is the real danger by saying, “The only thing I know is that I know nothing.” The
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAGetting to know an ignorant person reveals not only their lack of knowledge but also their weakness of critical thinking, dogmatism, and reluctance to transcend themselves. “How do you know something is true?” While an ignorant person blindly appeals to authority (religion, politics, tradition), critical thinkers rely on evidence, logic,
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAAnaximander (610–546 BC) is considered one of the first philosophers to come closest to evolutionary thought in natural philosophy. His theories on the origin of living things bear striking similarities to modern understandings of evolution. A. Origin from Water and Primitive Life He attributed the origin of life to the
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe Primacy of the Dialectical Method: Socrates believed that the path to knowledge was face-to-face dialogue (dialectics). He viewed writing as a tool that “froze” thought and prevented questioning. In Plato’s dialogue, the Phaedrus, Socrates states that writing is “defenseless” because the reader cannot question the text. For him, true
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLA🎭 Bertolt Brecht’s play “The Life of Galileo” centers on Galileo Galilei, one of the most striking figures in the history of science. However, this Galileo is neither a true hero nor an ordinary victim. In Brecht’s writing, Galileo is a thinker riddled with contradictions, both a bearer of enlightenment
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLA✍️ Miguel de Cervantes’s Legendary Work Cervantes’s novel Don Quixote de la Mancha, published with its first volume in 1605, quickly became a hit. This novel is considered both a parody of chivalric novels and the birth of the modern novel. However, what is truly intriguing are the events surrounding
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLA📖 Subject: The Giant Sentence in Les Misérables The 823-word sentence in Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables (1862) is notable in literary history not only for its length but also for its meaning and structure. This sentence appears in the section where he describes the Battle of Waterloo and represents a
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLA📘 Full Title of the Novel: De la Terre à la Lune, Trajet direct in 97 hours and 20 minutes 🔮 Incredible Similarities: Launch Location: FloridaIn Verne’s novel, the space shuttle launches from near Tampa, Florida, USA. ➤ NASA’s Apollo missions also launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The Shuttle: An
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLACritique of Capitalism and Exploitation in Émile Zola’s Novel Germinal: The Most Striking Scenes Émile Zola’s 1885 masterpiece Germinal harshly criticizes capitalism’s devastating system of exploitation by depicting the lives of miners living under the brutal conditions of the Industrial Revolution. Through the strikes and poverty in the Montsou mines,
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe Reflection of Dostoevsky’s Epilepsy in His Works Fyodor Dostoevsky suffered from epileptic seizures throughout his life, and this condition directly influenced the psychological depth of the characters in his works, their existential crises, and even the dramatic structure of some scenes. He described seizures as a “sacred disease,” sometimes
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAOne of the most iconic works of science fiction, Frankenstein is also a stunning testament to a young woman’s imagination and literary genius. Mary Shelley was just 18 when she wrote this cult novel, and since its publication in 1818, it has continued to profoundly influence both the literary world
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAPrince Lev Nikolayevich Myshkin is the main character in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel The Idiot, first published in 1869. He is one of Dostoevsky’s most complex and symbolic creations, often seen as a representation of pure goodness and spiritual innocence. Key Characteristics: Role in the Novel: Themes Represented by Myshkin: Summary:
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLARodion Romanovich Raskolnikov is the main character in Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s 1866 novel Crime and Punishment. He is a young ex-law student living in extreme poverty in St. Petersburg, Russia. Raskolnikov believes in a theory that certain extraordinary individuals have the moral right to commit crimes if it serves a greater
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe theme of alienation in Kafka’s works profoundly explores the existential dilemmas of modern man, his conflict with social systems, and the fragmentation of the self. This theme is embodied in the gap between the characters’ inner worlds and the grotesque external reality. Here are the main characters and events
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAGregor Samsa’s transformation into an insect is not merely a physical deformation, but a radical allegory of existential dissolution. This transformation carries a multifaceted meaning, both psychoanalytically and philosophically: Gregor’s insect body embodies Lacan’s concept of the “Real”: a traumatic excess that can never be fully grasped by the symbolic
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