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Franz Kafka’s complex, oppressive, and traumatic relationship with his father, Hermann Kafka, left a deep psychoanalytic imprint on his works. This relationship is intertwined with themes of authority, guilt, alienation, and power in Kafka’s literary universe. When examined with Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalytic concepts, we can see how the father
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe Female Character’s Inner Conflict in “24 Hours in the Life of a Woman” In Stefan Zweig’s short story “24 Hours in the Life of a Woman,” the female character’s inner conflict is deeply explored through the tension between passion, moral dilemmas, and societal norms. During a 24-hour fling with
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAAnger is a powerful emotion, while impulse is the tendency to take immediate action. When these two combine and interfere with life uncontrollably, they can have devastating consequences for both the individual and those around them. The “mixture of anger and impulse” often refers to situations called impulsive aggression or
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe legend of the “Grand Inquisitor” in Dostoyevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov is a profound allegory shaped by Ivan Karamazov, sharply revealing the tragic contradiction between human freedom and happiness. This text is set in 16th-century Spain during the Inquisition: Jesus appears to humanity for the second time, but an elderly
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAWar and Peace, Leo Tolstoy’s epic novel, centers on the Napoleonic Wars, particularly the Franco-Russian War of 1812. The novel delves deeply into both historical events and their impact on the lives of individuals. Tolstoy covers the following key historical events in detail: The Wars of 1805-1807: Events such as
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Dostoyevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov, the idea that “If there is no God, everything is permissible” profoundly shapes the characters’ existential crises, moral collapses, and search for faith. This philosophy is discussed primarily through the lens of Ivan Karamazov, but it also resonates in the actions of other characters. Here
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAKafkaesque: Philosophical Reflections of Absurd Bureaucracy and AlienationThe term Kafkaesque is a concept commonly used in modern literature and philosophy, describing a specific atmosphere, situation, or experience. It is generally derived from dystopian and absurd themes in the works of Franz Kafka. This concept refers to an individual’s sense of
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Ivan Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons,” Yevgeny Bazarov appears as a strict materialist and a passionate advocate of nihilism. At the heart of his philosophy lies the attempt to reduce everything that exists – nature, society, man, and even human consciousness – to mere material processes and physical laws.
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAFyodor Pavlovich Karamazov is a morally corrupt, grotesque, and pathological character at the center of Dostoyevsky’s novel The Brothers Karamazov. One of his distinguishing features is his masochistic tendencies and his constant desire to be humiliated. This pattern of behavior requires in-depth psychological examination: is it the result of early
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe crushing influence of bureaucracy and hierarchy on Akaky Akakiyevich is a tragic symbol of the loneliness and helplessness experienced by the individual in modern society. This situation offers deep philosophical implications about how Akaky shapes his existence, his identity and ultimately his destiny. Loneliness in the Gears of the
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAHonoré de Balzac’s novel “The Peasants” boldly displays the rawest and sometimes darkest aspects of human nature in the shadow of the social and economic turmoil that flourished in the French countryside in the 19th century. The novel reveals how universal qualities such as greed, ambition and jealousy are combined
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLACarl Gustav Jung’s concept of the “shadow” is a cornerstone of analytical psychology and provides a powerful framework for understanding the flaws, weaknesses, and repressed aspects of human nature. The shadow encompasses all of the characteristics, desires, urges, and emotions that an individual’s conscious self (ego) rejects or is unaware
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Hinduism, Brahma is conceived as the creative force of the universe, but this creation presents a cyclical, complex, and contradictory reality rather than absolute perfection. The imperfection or suffering of the universe cannot be understood by superficial observation alone; it is deeply connected to the fundamental principles of Hindu
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAUmberto Eco’s novel The Name of the Rose establishes a deep philosophical connection between the suppression of laughter in the Middle Ages and the mechanisms of censorship in the modern age. This connection is shaped through the themes of the desire of the government to control the truth, the regulation
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLASchopenhauer’s Concept of “Will” in the Context of Heathcliff: Prisoner of Passions or Conscious Agent of Evil? The concept of “will” (Wille) in Arthur Schopenhauer’s philosophy is based on the fact that man’s basic impulses and unconscious desires determine his actions. According to Schopenhauer, will is a blind and relentless
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe Death of Mem û Zîn: Absurd or Catharsis? The tragic ending in Ehmedê Xanî’s Mem û Zîn can be read from two basic philosophical perspectives: Is it a dead end of meaninglessness that confronts Albert Camus’s concept of the “absurd,” or should it be seen as the “exaltation of
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe remorse of conscience experienced by the Raskolnikov character in Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment embodies one of the most complex moral contradictions discussed in the history of philosophy. The psychological collapse that Raskolnikov experiences after the murder raises fundamental problems such as the “ontological status of conscience,” “free will and
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAWoland, the demonic figure in Mikhail Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita, is a character with a deep philosophical function that transcends traditional representations of evil. His understanding of justice is not limited to simply balancing crime and punishment; rather, it is a mechanism that exposes man’s moral decay and forces
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