Okuyun ama yutmayın, çiğneyin.
[Raskolnikov and Bazarov are sitting in a cafe under neon lights in a chaotic 21st-century metropolis. Raskolnikov is lost in thought as he sips his coffee, astonished by the speed and consumerism of the modern world. Bazarov examines the smartphone on the table, a wry smile on his face.] Raskolnikov:
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Elias Canetti’s novel Blindness (Die Blendung, 1935), Peter Kien’s relationships with other characters strikingly coincide with Jean-Paul Sartre’s phrase “others are hell” (L’enfer, c’est les autres). Sartre’s famous statement emphasizes in his play Huis Clos (1944) that the individual’s encounter with the other creates an existential conflict and that
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe Ontological Dynamism of Yin-Yang and the Problem of the Staticity of Moral Truths The Yin-Yang principle, one of the cornerstones of ancient Chinese philosophy, suggests that the universe is in a constant state of transformation and interaction. According to this principle, everything arises from the dialectical dance of opposing
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe characters in Dostoyevsky’s novels stand out with their deep internal conflicts, social alienation, and moral questions. Some of these characters appear to have a mental functioning that could be addressed under the heading of “neurodiversity” in contemporary clinical literature. When Prince Myshkin’s behavioral patterns are examined with the classical
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn world literature, characters who are grateful for their poverty are rare figures who reveal the deep contradictions of human existence, the search for meaning, and how material deprivation can establish a dialectical relationship with spiritual wealth. These characters experience poverty not only as a material deficiency, but also as
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAErnest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea deeply questions one of the fundamental questions of human existence, namely the relationship between struggle and the search for meaning. Santiago’s epic struggle with a giant swordfish is not only a physical effort, but also represents man’s own limits, his relationship with
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAVladimir Nabokov’s description of Anton Chekhov’s story “The Lady with the Little Dog” (1899) as “one of the greatest stories ever written” was not only an expression of literary appreciation, but also an appreciation of Chekhov’s nuanced perspective on human nature, moral contradictions, and existential depth. While Nabokov, as a
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAJosé Saramago’s novel Blindness is a shocking allegory that shows how fragile the invisible structures on which civilization is built are. The loss of the ability to see is not only a physical disability, but also an existential collapse directly related to consciousness, ethics, and the production of meaning. In
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAFriedrich Nietzsche interprets the public’s support for authoritarianism not only on a political or historical basis, but also on a deeper philosophical-psychological basis. His approach focuses on the individual’s inner world, value systems and existential orientation. In order to understand this tendency, it is necessary to consider Nietzsche’s basic concepts
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLASisyphus is a figure in Greek mythology who was condemned by the gods to a meaningless punishment: rolling a boulder up a mountain, only to have it roll back down each time. This story has become a powerful metaphor for the existential condition of modern man, especially in Albert Camus’s
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe story of Orpheus is one of the most touching tragedies in mythology. His struggle to bring back his beloved Eurydice from the underworld is not only a love story, but also a narrative that questions the deepest contradictions of human nature. Despite the ban he received from Hades, Orpheus’s
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAMark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a work that deeply examines the conflict between individual conscience and social laws. The novel questions legal but morally controversial practices of the period, such as slavery, and places the moral legitimacy of an individual’s defiance of an unjust law in a philosophical
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAJohn Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, while addressing the existential and social struggles of migrant workers in the Great Depression-era America, strikingly emphasizes the workers’ lack of solidarity. This lack is at the center of the novel not only as a historical and sociological phenomenon but also as an object
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLASigmund Freud’s concept of the unconscious is considered one of the cornerstones of modern psychology and has penetrated not only clinical psychoanalysis but also the depths of philosophical thought. In Freud’s theoretical framework, the unconscious is defined as a dynamic area of the human psyche that operates beyond observable consciousness,
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky’s novels, human nature is essentially chaotic, contradictory and paradoxical. In his literary and intellectual universe, man can neither be fully explained by reason nor reduced to a fixed moral or ideological category. This complex nature constitutes the fundamental conflicts of Dostoyevsky’s novels. Dostoevsky’s understanding of man
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAIn Hugo’s works, themes such as social injustice, class inequalities, poverty and social exclusion are at the center of the characters’ existential struggles. The protagonist of Les Misérables, Jean Valjean, is the strongest symbol of these themes. Valjean is a character who was sentenced to years of hard labor for
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLAThe Arbitrary Nature of Justice In Kafka’s novel The Trial, Josef K. learns one morning that he has been arrested without cause; however, no clear information is given about the crime he is accused of or the functioning of the judicial process. This uncertainty reveals the arbitrary and unpredictable nature
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLALeo Tolstoy’s novel Anna Karenina provides a profound portrayal of the complex class dynamics of 19th-century Russian society, the tensions between the aristocracy and the peasantry, and the political and economic roles of these classes. The novel presents the luxurious, ostentatiously, and status-oriented lifestyle of the Russian aristocracy, and the
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLALaw in The Brothers Karamazov: Institution of Justice or Theater of Ideology? Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov is a philosophical novel in which not only individual conflicts but also the mechanisms of social structure, authority and ideology are deeply questioned. In this context, although the legal system in the
OKUMAK İÇİN TIKLATimon of Athens and the Test of Human Nature by Self-interest Shakespeare’s tragedy Timon of Athens is a mirror that questions human nature’s fragile dance between generosity, friendship, and self-interest. Timon’s story tells how a man’s friends, who gather in the shadow of his wealth, become shadows when that wealth
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